Early Beginnings

1. Founder Of Camera Obscura (5th Century BCE)
   • Inventor: Unknown (Chinese and Greek philosophers like Mozi and Aristotle described principles).
   • Country: China and Greece.
   • Evolution: The camera obscura was a dark room or box with a small hole that projected an inverted image of the outside scene onto a surface inside. It was primarily used for viewing and drawing.

19th Century

2. Founder Of First Photographic Camera (1816)
   • Inventor: Joseph Nicéphore Niépce.
   • Country: France.
   • Evolution: Niépce created the first partially successful photograph using a small camera and bitumen on a pewter plate. This process, known as heliography, required an exposure time of several hours.
3. Founder Of Daguerreotype (1839)
   • Inventor: Louis Daguerre.
   • Country: France.
   • Evolution: The daguerreotype process reduced exposure time to about 15-30 minutes and produced a single positive image on a silvered copper plate.
4. Founder Of Calotype (1841)
   • Inventor: William Henry Fox Talbot.
   • Country: United Kingdom.
   • Evolution: The calotype process used paper coated with silver iodide and could produce multiple copies from a single negative, unlike the daguerreotype.

Late 19th Century to Early 20th Century

5. Founder Of Roll Film Camera (1888)
   • Inventor: George Eastman.
   • Country: United States.
   • Evolution: Eastman’s Kodak camera used roll film, which made photography more accessible to the general public. It was marketed with the slogan, “You press the button, we do the rest.”
6. Founder Of 35mm Camera (1913)
   • Inventor: Oskar Barnack.
   • Country: Germany.
   • Evolution: Barnack, working for Leica, developed the first 35mm still camera. This format became standard for both amateur and professional photography.

Mid to Late 20th Century

7. Founder Of Instant Camera (1948)
   • Inventor: Edwin Land.
   • Country: United States.
   • Evolution: The Polaroid Model 95 introduced instant photography, allowing users to obtain a finished print in about a minute after taking the picture.
8. Founder Of Digital Camera (1975)
   • Inventor: Steven Sasson.
   • Country: United States.
   • Evolution: Sasson, working for Kodak, built the first digital camera using a CCD image sensor. This camera recorded black-and-white images to a cassette tape and took 23 seconds to capture its first image.

21st Century

9. Founder Of Smartphone Cameras (2000s)
   • Inventor: Multiple contributors.
   • Country: Various (notably Japan, South Korea, and the United States).
   • Evolution: Integration of cameras into mobile phones revolutionized photography, making it ubiquitous and enabling the rise of social media platforms that rely heavily on photo sharing.

Key Evolutionary Trends

• Early Innovations: Long exposure times and single images.
• Mass Accessibility: Introduction of roll film and portable cameras.
• Instant Gratification: Development of instant cameras.
• Digital Revolution: Transition from film to digital sensors.
• Miniaturization and Connectivity: Incorporation of cameras into mobile phones, widespread sharing, and social connectivity.

These milestones highlight the major advancements in camera invention and the shift from niche scientific instruments to everyday consumer devices.